What Stories Lie Behind The Images On Vietnam's Dong?

The Vietnamese Đồng (VND or ₫) is more than just currency; it represents a deep appreciation for Vietnam’s breathtaking landscapes and rich history. The term "Đồng" derives from the Vietnamese word for copper, honoring the material used for the country’s earliest coins.

Since the 14th century, when the first banknotes appeared during the Ho Dynasty, Vietnamese currency has undergone significant evolution. The establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 marked a new era in financial stability, followed by fresh designs after the fall of Saigon in 1975, reflecting national pride and historical significance.

From the humble 1,000 dong note to the 500,000 dong bill, which is issued by the State Bank of Vietnam crafted out of cotton paper or polymer, each note has an original story that highlights Vietnam's rich culture and enduring heritage.

The Front: An Icon Of History

Since 2003, the total of nine Vietnamese banknotes have featured the image of President Ho Chi Minh, symbolizing his crucial role as a national leader and advocate for independence. Notably, artist Ho Trong Minh remarked that Ho Chi Minh and Queen Elizabeth II are the only individuals to grace banknotes while still alive.

Those Back: A Journey Through Culture and Heritage

1,000 VND: Yok Don National Park, Dak Lak

First issued in 1989, the 1,000 VND note beautifully portrays Yok Don National Park, depicting workers riding elephants through the lush forests of the Central Highlands. This imagery not only showcases the area’s stunning landscapes but also the deep connection between elephants and the region's biodiversity.

Elephants, symbols of strength and resilience, are essential to local communities, especially among ethnic minorities. Their role in traditional logging practices highlights a sustainable relationship with nature and underscores Vietnam's economic development in rural areas where timber is a vital resource.

2,000 VND: Nam Dinh Textile Factory

The 2,000 VND note showcases three female workers from the Nam Dinh Textile Factory, once the largest textile facility in Indochina. Established in 1889, this factory transformed the textile industry and sparked a powerful movement among the working class.

During the French colonial period, the Nam Dinh Textile and Garment Joint Stock Corporation became a keystone of the economy and continued to grow through 1939.

Renamed in 1954 after being nationalized, the factory became synonymous with quality, particularly during the 1980s and 1990s, when Nam Dinh silk gained international acclaim.

5,000 VND: Tri An Hydroelectric Plant, Dong Nai

Proudly featuring the Tri An Hydroelectric Plant, the 5,000 VND note was established in 1993 on the scenic Dong Nai River. Constructed with support from the Soviet Union during the late 20th century, the plant was launched in 1991.

Beyond energy generation, Tri An serves as a vital multi-purpose facility, providing electricity, boosting agricultural productivity, and flood control, ensuring a stable power supply for millions.

10,000 VND: Bach Ho (White Tiger) Oilfield, Cuu Long Basin

This banknote has circulated since 2006, displays the Bach Ho Oilfield, located approximately 145 km off the coast of Vung Tau. As the largest oilfield on Vietnam’s continental shelf, it is a vital foundation of the nation’s energy supply.

With reserves estimated at 300 million tons, Bach Ho has been commercially developed since 1986, contributing to 80% of Vietnam's crude oil production.

Associate Professor Dr. Hoang Van Quy, former director of the Institute of Scientific Research and Design of Offshore Oil and Gas, noted, "The greatest achievement of the Vietnamese oil and gas industry is found at Bach Ho."

20.000 VND: Chua Cau (the Pagoda Bridge), Hoi An

The 20,000 VND polymer banknote, issued in 2006, beautifully captured Chua Cau, an iconic bridge built by Japanese merchants in the 17th century. More than just a crossing, it stands as a testament to the rich cultural exchanges of its time.

A popular verse reflects the emotions tied to this landmark:

“Who strolls through Hội An’s ancient streets

By Chua Cau where memories meet

Leaves behind love, longing, and sighs

For whom the heart silently cries.”

Unlike traditional temples, the Pagoda Bridge is dedicated to Bac De Tran Vu, the guardian spirit of the land. Recognized as a National Historical and Cultural Relic in 1990, it is a pivotal element of Vietnam’s heritage.

The entrance is marked by the characters "Lai Vien Kieu," meaning "Bridge welcoming guests from afar," inviting all to embrace the warmth and beauty of Hoi An.

50.000 VND: Nghenh Luong Pavilion and Phu Van Pavilion, Hue

Nghenh Luong Pavilion, situated along the picturesque Huong River, served as a tranquil resting place for the king before he boarded his royal dragon boats. Historically, access to this pavilion was carefully controlled, ensuring the king's privacy and allowing the royal family to enjoy moments of peace away from their duties.

Phu Van Pavilion, built during Emperor Gia Long's reign, was crucial for governance, serving as the official site for posting royal edicts and examination results. This structure symbolizes the administrative heart of the Nguyen Dynasty, where vital information was shared with the public.

100,000 VND: Quoc Tu Giam (Temple of Literature), Hanoi

As Vietnam's first university, the Temple of Literature embodies the nation's educational heritage, reflecting a deep respect for teachers and the nurturing of talent. Each year, it attracts millions of visitors who partake in vibrant cultural activities, including ceremonies for valedictorians, folk performances, poetry readings, and calligraphy exhibitions.

As a historical landmark, the Temple of Literature has not only trained countless scholars and leaders but also stands as a representation of Vietnam's contribution to Confucian thought and humanistic culture.

200,000 VND: Dinh Huong Islet, Ha Long Bay

The 200,000 VND banknote showcases Dinh Huong Islet, an iconic landmark in Ha Long Bay, Quang Ninh. Resembling a giant incense burner, it rises majestically from the ocean, a sacred offering to the heavens.

Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994, Dinh Huong Islet is often regarded as a "masterpiece of nature." It stands as a testament to the geological wonders of Ha Long Bay and honors the resilience of national heroes who sacrificed their lives for the Fatherland.

500.000 VND: Sen Village, Nghe An

Featuring the historic five-room thatched house in Sen Village, Nghe An, the cherished childhood home of President Ho Chi Minh. This humble abode has preserved the essence of Uncle Ho’s early years and the values he championed.

Designated as a national monument in 1990 and elevated to special national monument status in 2012.

As artist Tran Tien noted, the imagery on our national currency captures "the spirit of national unity," transforming real-life symbols into representations of Vietnam's beauty and heritage.